• Hemodynamics and cardiac function measurement became a core methodological paradigm for cardiovascular research, linking cardiac output, chamber dynamics, and circulatory failure to prognosis [3], [4], [12], [14].

• Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis emerged as central disease mechanisms, integrating coronary vessel pathology, lipid metabolism, and age-related vascular changes to explain occlusion and myocardial injury [6], [7], [8], [10], [18].

• Hypertension and peripheral resistance were treated as systemic drivers, emphasizing vasomotor control, renal contributions, and hypertension-related arterial changes shaping cardiovascular risk [5], [9], [16].

• Clinical prognosis and therapeutic strategies for coronary thrombosis and angina were interwoven with outcomes research, focusing on course, prognosis, and immediate management across multiple studies [1], [13], [15], [20].